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September 2020
September2020
a trend publication  Volume 17 Number 8
Laser Cutting Metal
stamping machine
rolling machine
Retrofit solutions help fabricators
high speed saw and guitar accessory
streamline software
features
laser technology
Software links machines, improves quoting accuracy, and automates programming and cutting operations
stamping/ presses
Servo technology solves processing problems with AHSS and gives fabricators the ability to hot stamp
Bending/ Folding
A rolling machine manufacturer pushes the envelope by building a machine capable of bending 7,300 tons
Press Brake/ Tooling
Retrofit solutions help fabricators bring new life to legacy press brakes and keep production humming
sawing/ cutting
A new high-speed saw helps a guitar accessories manufacturer cut through a production backlog
Shop Software
COVID-19 compelled one shop to streamline software sooner than planned
features
Laser Cutting Metal
laser technology
Software links machines, improves quoting accuracy, and automates programming and cutting operations
stamping machine
stamping/ presses
Servo technology solves processing problems with AHSS and gives fabricators the ability to hot stamp
rolling machine
Bending/ Folding
A rolling machine manufacturer pushes the envelope by building a machine capable of bending 7,300 tons
Retrofit solutions help fabricators
Press Brake/ Tooling
Retrofit solutions help fabricators bring new life to legacy press brakes and keep production humming
high speed saw
sawing/ cutting
A new high-speed saw helps a guitar accessories manufacturer cut through a production backlog
streamline software
Shop Software
COVID-19 compelled one shop to streamline software sooner than planned
find even more metal fabricating & forming content online
man welding a car
/customfabricator
Celia installation
/welding
9/11 Sculpture
/stainless
Online
Features
ffjournal.net
/customfabricator
The Runge RS utilizes a steel tube frame, mid engine design and 4-cylinder power plant with options over 250hp
ffjournal.net
/welding
Celia is an intricate installation that both celebrates the human form and pays tribute to the artist’s wife
ffjournal.net
/stainless
The 9/11 sculpture is made up of almost 3,000 stainless steel doves/angels welded together to form a pair of hands, which hold an I-beam from the World Trade Center
at sign
Top 5 applications for metal 3D printing
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Top 5 applications for metal 3D printing
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welder
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Sparks fly: 8-in. arc welding for chiller piping
#weldlicious #weldeverydamnday #welding
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car
Twitter
3D printing, a boon for racers, inches closer for carmakers
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Mike D'Alexander headshot

From the
Publisher

Mike d’alexander

Going virtual

T

o say this has been an interesting year is an understatement. Since March, each of us has been impacted by the pandemic both at home and at work. In our industry, we all have had to learn to do things differently. Sales personnel have been unable to travel and talk with customers face to face. Instead, employees have had to connect through Zoom conferencing and learn to use platforms like YouTube to conduct equipment demonstrations. Trade shows have ground to a halt, including the metal fabricating industry’s premier events like IMTS and FabTech.

Guest Editorial
By Daniel Carranco, Global Shop Solutions
Daniel Carranco headshot
Predictable output
A quest for continuous improvement and automation for all aspects of manufacturing
M

anufacturing companies are living in a much different reality than they were 20 years ago. Expectations are exponentially more demanding than before due to increased competition, market conditions, access to markets and materials, and globalization. To serve these increased customer demands, manufacturers have started on a quest for automation.

Not everybody understands that automation goes beyond acquiring more equipment and machinery. It is a blend of having the right people involved, rethinking the process and using the data available. When I look at our customer base, those that are growing all have three things in common—a continuous improvement plan, a willingness to invest in technology and software, and a willingness to get uncomfortable and trust parts of their business to automation.

Training&Education
By Lauren Duensing, Contributing Editor
Bob Dak passes on knowledge to young sheet metal workers.
Mentorship
Bob Dak has taught sheet metal apprentices for more than 20 years

H

aving instructors who still work in the field helps ensure that students are being taught what is necessary to succeed,” says Bob Dak, a 2020 inductee into the Testing and Balancing Bureau (TAB) Hall of Fame.

Prior to retiring in October, Dak taught beginning and intermediate TAB classes, the Title 24 classes, and mentored other TAB teachers at the Southern California Sheet Metal JATC.

Dak’s Hall of Fame nomination package was full of glowing words from those he’s worked with. “I believe Bob symbolizes the very spirit in which this award is given,” says Lance Clark, administrator for the Southern California Sheet Metal Joint Apprenticeship Training Committee (JTAC).

Face Time
Clear connection
Sheet metal processing is in the middle of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, during which smart technologies are rising fast, says Markus Zimmermann, director of Trumpf’s Smart Factory
Markus Zimmermann Headshot
Markus Zimmermann
Q:
How is technology advancing to meet customer needs?
A: The availability of data and connectivity between different solutions are drivers toward optimizing the productivity of big data and artificial intelligence services. This may seem difficult to grasp at first, but it is nothing to be afraid of. While it is important for our metals customers to keep up with the latest technology and trends, our primary focus is on the value and benefits that these new technologies offer for them.
What’s Happening
Mazak to open Edmonton technical center
Mazak Corporation Canada will open a technical center in Edmonton, Alberta, in September. The facility provide local access to direct sales, service, application and training support. Measuring 7,200 sq. ft., the Edmonton Technical Center space is split between training and technology demonstration areas.
Image of Tubing manufacturer
Eye on People
Photo of Spencer Dick
Spencer Dick
Obituary: Tigerstop founder dies
Spencer Dick, founder of Tigerstop, died in June after a long illness. In his home garage in 1994, Dick invented a machine for automated lineal processing that could be adapted to nearly any tool and position material accurately for cutting, drilling and punching. He formed a company that became known for automated stop-gauge positioners and fully automated sawing systems, with a factory in Vancouver, Washington, and another in The Netherlands. Dick earned more than 100 patents for ideas in manufacturing, automation and lineal positioning processes.
Laser Technology
BY LYNN STANLEY, SENIOR EDITOR
Creating
communication
Lantek’s Intelligent Collision Avoidance function prevents the fiber laser from colliding with tipped up parts like the one pictured here.
Creating
communication
Lantek’s Intelligent Collision Avoidance function prevents the fiber laser from colliding with tipped up parts like the one pictured here.
laser cutting metal
Software links machines, improves quoting accuracy, and automates programming and cutting operations, for starters
man working on machine
A

merican novelist and short-story writer Jack London said, “You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.”

In the 1980s, when computer numerical controls (CNC) and computer-aided design (CAD) software in manufacturing applications proliferated, Juan Luis Larrañaga thought, “Why not use a computer to automate programming to make the whole process faster and easier?”

Stamping/Presses
BY LYNN STANLEY, SENIOR EDITOR
Available in sizes up to 4,500 tons, Nidec Arisa’s S-4 servo press can be equipped to perform hot stamping.
Programmable
profiles
Servo technology solves processing problems with AHSS and gives fabricators the ability to hot stamp
T

he quest to make vehicle components lighter while improving safety continues to push the development of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). New grades of third-generation AHSS are undergoing qualification and gaining production-ready status. These materials surpass dual-phase steels in their ability to cold stamp complex shapes, but also promise efficiency in the era of electric and autonomous vehicles.

On the equipment side of the equation, these trends have helped servo press technology evolve from a niche product to the gold standard—particularly among automotive stampers.

special section
2020 FFJournal Virtual Trade Show
Abrasives: Gemtex
ABRASIVES
Gemtex: Flaptec- Premium zirconia and ceramic flap discs
Gemtex QR Code
Bending: Carell Corporation/Eagle Bending Machines
BENDING
Carell Corporation/Eagle Bending Machines: Parmigiani VBH Series
Carell Corporation/Eagle Bending Machines QR Code
Bending: SafanDarley North America LLC
BENDING
SafanDarley North America LLC: Minicell
SafanDarley North America LLC QR Code
Bending: Salvagnini America Inc
BENDING
Salvagnini America Inc.: P2 Lean panel bender
Salvagnini American Inc. QR Code
Bending: Trumpf Inc.
BENDING
Trumpf Inc.: TruBend 7050
Trumpf QR Code
Coil Processing: The Bradbury Group Co Inc.
COIL PROCESSING
The Bradbury Group Co Inc.: Flat Trak CL Strip Evaluation System
The Bradbury Group Co Inc. QR Code
Coil Processing: Braner USA Inc.
COIL PROCESSING
Braner USA Inc.: Coil Slitting Lines
Braner USA Inc. QR Code
Coil Processing: Braner USA Inc.
COIL PROCESSING
Braner USA Inc.: Cut-to-Length and Blanking Lines
Braner USA Inc. QR Code
Coil Processing: Butech Bliss
COIL PROCESSING
Butech Bliss: Slitting Lines
Butech Bliss QR Code
Coil Processing: Butech Bliss
COIL PROCESSING
Butech Bliss: Stretch Leveling Lines
Butech Bliss QR Code
Coil Processing: Red Bud Industries
COIL PROCESSING
Red Bud Industries: Slitting Lines
Red Bud Industries QR Code
Coil Processing: Red Bud Industries
COIL PROCESSING
Red Bud Industries: Rotary Shear
Red Bud Industries QR Code
Conveyor Systems: Mayfran International
CONVEYOR SYSTEMS
Mayfran International: Shuffle Drive Conveyor Systems
Mayfran International QR Code
Conveyor Systems: P/A Industries Inc.
CONVEYOR SYSTEMS
P/A Industries Inc.: The Electra
P/A Industries Inc. QR Code
Deburring: ARKU
DEBURRING
ARKU Inc.: EdgeBreaker 4000
ARKU Inc. QR Code
Deburring: Lissmac Corp.
DEBURRING
Lissmac Corp.: SMD 123 RE
Lissmac Corp. QR Code
Deburring: Lissmac Corp.
DEBURRING
Lissmac Corp.: SMW 123 RB/RT
Lissmac Corp. QR Code
Drilling: Hougen Manufacturing Inc.
DRILLING
Hougen Manufacturing Inc.: HMD904 Magnetic Drill
Hougen Manufacturing Inc. QR Code
Finishing Tools: Titan Tool Supply Inc.
FINISHING TOOLS
Titan Tool Supply Inc.: Flexible Diamond Finishing Files
Titan Tool Supply Inc. QR Code
Finishing Tools: Titan Tool Supply Inc.
FINISHING TOOLS
Titan Tool Supply Inc.: Micro Diamond and Borazon Grinding Pins
Titan Tool Supply Inc. QR Code
Grinding: Diamond Ground Products Inc.
GRINDING
Diamond Ground Products Inc.: The Piranha III
Diamond Ground Products Inc. QR Code
Grinding: Michigan Pneumatic Tool Inc.
GRINDING
Michigan Pneumatic Tool Inc.: 9500 Series Grinder
Michigan Pneumatic Tool Inc. QR Code
Grinding: Rex-Cut Abrasives
GRINDING
Rex-Cut Abrasives: Sigma Z
Rex-Cut Abrasives QR Code
Inspection, Testing, & Measurement: Hitachi High-Tech America Inc.
INSPECTION, TESTING & MEASUREMENT
Hitachi High-Tech America Inc.: NEW OE750 OES metals analyzer
Hitachi High-Tech America Inc. QR Code
Inspection, Testing, & Measurement: The L.S. Starrett Company
INSPECTION, TESTING & MEASUREMENT
The L.S. Starrett Company: Electronic Digital Micrometers
The L.S. Starrett Company QR Code
Ironworker: Scotchman Industries
IRONWORKER
Scotchman Industries: 50-ton hydraulic Ironworker
Scotchman Industries QR Code
Ironworker: Sunrise Ironworkers
IRONWORKER
Sunrise Ironworkers: 50 to 185 ton Ironworkers
Sunrise Ironworkers QR Code
Laser Technology: Amada America Inc.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Amada America Inc.: VENTIS 3015 AJ
Amada America Inc. QR Code
Laser Technology: Cincinnati Inc.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Cincinnati Inc.: CLX Fiber Laser Cutting System
Cincinnati Inc. QR Code
Laser Technology: Mazak Optonics Corp.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Mazak Optonics Corp.: OPTIPLEX NEXUS FIBER
Mazak Optonics Corp. QR Code
Laser Technology: Mazak Optonics Corp.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Mazak Optonics Corp.: FT-150 FIBER
Mazak Optonics Corp. QR Code
Laser Technology: MC Machinery Systems Inc.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
MC Machinery Systems Inc.: ASTES4 LASORTING
MC Machinery Systems Inc. QR Code
Laser Technology: Trumpf Inc.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Trumpf Inc.: TruLaser 1030
Trumpf Inc. QR Code
Laser Technology: Trumpf Inc.
LASER TECHNOLOGY
Trumpf Inc.: TruLaser 5030
Trumpf Inc. QR Code
Plasma: AKS Cutting Systems
PLASMA
AKS Cutting Systems: AKS robo-kut
AKS Cutting Systems QR Code
Plate & Angle Rolls: DAVI Inc.
PLATE & ANGLE ROLLS
DAVI Inc.: Human Machine Interface
DAVI Inc. QR Code
Plate & Angle Rolls: DAVI Inc.
PLATE & ANGLE ROLLS
DAVI Inc.: iRoll-Camera
DAVI Inc. QR Code
Plate & Angle Rolls: SweBend
PLATE & ANGLE ROLLS
SweBend: Angle and Plate Bending Machines
SweBend QR Code
Press Brake Tooling: Fab Supply Inc.
PRESS BRAKE TOOLING
Fab Supply Inc.: Rolla-V dies
Fab Supply Inc. QR Code
Press Brake Tooling: Rolleri USA LLC
PRESS BRAKE TOOLING
Rolleri USA LLC: Rolleri VARIO
Rolleri USA LLC QR Code
Press Brake Tooling: WILA USA
PRESS BRAKE TOOLING
WILA USA: American Style punches
WILA USA QR Code
Press Brake Tooling: Wilson Tool International
PRESS BRAKE TOOLING
Wilson Tool International: Corner Former
Wilson Tool International QR Code
Press Brake: Amada America Inc.
PRESS BRAKES
Amada America Inc.: HRB 1003 ATC
Amada America Inc. QR Code
Press Brakes: Automec Inc.
PRESS BRAKES
Automec Inc.: CoastOne
Automec Inc. QR Code
Press Brakes: SafanDarley North America LLC
PRESS BRAKES
SafanDarley North America LLC: R-Brake
SafanDarley North America LLC QR Code
Sawing: Behringer Saws Inc.
SAWING
Behringer Saws Inc.: HBE-320/523GA miter band saw
Behringer Saws Inc. QR Code
Sawing: Brobo USA
SAWING
Brobo USA: S350D & S400B ferrous metal cutting saws
Brobo USA QR Code
Sawing: Cosen Saws
SAWING
Cosen Saws: V-2026NC vertical tilt-frame bandsaw
Cosen Saws QR Code
Sawing: Kasto Inc.
SAWING
Kasto Inc.: KASTOwin fully-automated bandsaw
Kasto Inc. QR Code
Sawing: Sawblade.com
SAWING
Sawblade.com: Q501 IC band saw blade
Sawblade.com QR Code
Sawing: Sawblade.com
SAWING
Sawblade.com: Trajan Q1400 Carbide Chop Saw
Sawblade.com QR Code
Software: Cincinnati Inc.
SOFTWARE
Cincinnati Inc.: CIberDash
Cincinnati Inc. QR Code
Software: Lantek Systems Inc.
SOFTWARE
Lantek Systems Inc.: Manufacturing Execution System
Lantek Systems Inc. QR Code
Software: Lantek Systems Inc.
SOFTWARE
Lantek Systems Inc.: Enterprise Resource Planning Solution
Lantek Systems Inc. QR Code
Software: Metamation Inc.
SOFTWARE
Metamation Inc.: Flux bending software
Metamation Inc. QR Code
Software: SigmaTEK Systems LLC
SOFTWARE
SigmaTEK Systems LLC: SigmaTEK Suite
SigmaTEK Systems LLC QR Code
Stamping/Presses: AIDA-America Corp.
STAMPING/PRESSES
AIDA-America Corp.: DSF-C1-A direct-drive gap frame servo press
AIDA-America Corp. QR Code
Stamping/Presses: AIDA-America Corp.
STAMPING/PRESSES
AIDA-America Corp.: DSF-M2 direct-drive servo presses
AIDA-America Corp. QR Code
Stamping/Presses: Beckwood Press Co.
STAMPING/PRESSES
Beckwood Press Co.: Custom Servo-Electric Presses
Beckwood Press Co. QR Code
Stamping/Presses: Nidec Press & Automation
STAMPING/PRESSES
Nidec Press & Automation: Minster GS2 Press Series
Nidec Press & Automation QR Code
Stamping/Presses: Stamtec
STAMPING/PRESSES
Stamtec: Get ahead of the curve with the latest in servo press technology
Stamtec QR Code
Storage Solutions: Fehr Warehouse Solutions Inc.
STORAGE SOLUTIONS
Fehr Warehouse Solutions Inc.: 50 ft. Honeycomb system
Fehr Warehouse Solutions Inc. QR Code
Tool & Die Equipment: Pacesetter Systems
TOOL & DIE EQUIPMENT
Pacesetter Systems: 48 in. Heavy Duty Bolster Extensions
Pacesetter Systems QR Code
Tube & Pipe: BLM Group USA Corp.
TUBE & PIPE
BLM Group USA Corp.: Lasertube LT8.20
BLM Group USA Corp. QR Code
Tube & Pipe: HGG Profiling Equipment
TUBE & PIPE
HGG Profiling Equipment: UPC 450 Universal Profiler
HGG Profiling Equipment QR Code
Tube & Pipe: Parker Steel Company
TUBE & PIPE
Parker Steel Company: Metric Capillary Tubes
Parker Steel Company QR Code
Tube & Pipe: Parker Steel Company
TUBE & PIPE
Parker Steel Company: Metric Flat Oval Tubes
Parker Steel Company QR Code
Tube & Pipe: Parker Steel Company
TUBE & PIPE
Parker Steel Company: 4140 Alloy Round Tubes
Parker Steel Company QR Code
Tube & Pipe: Prudential Stainless & Alloys
TUBE & PIPE
Prudential Stainless & Alloys: Aluminum pipe and tube in odd-ball sizes
Prudential Stainless & Alloys QR Code
Tube & Pipe Bending: Ercolina – CML USA, Inc.
TUBE & PIPE BENDING
Ercolina – CML USA, Inc.: HB60 Hot Shot tube and pipe bender
Ercolina – CML USA, Inc. QR Code
Waterjet: Barton International
WATERJET
Barton International: Barton Abrasive Removal Tool – BART
Barton International QR Code
Waterjet: Flow International Corp.
WATERJET
Flow International Corp.: Mach 500 waterjet system
Flow International Corp. QR Code
Waterjet: Flow International Corp.
WATERJET
Flow International Corp.: SHAPE Delta Series waterjet cutting mixing tubes
Flow International Corp. QR Code
Waterjet: OMAX Corp.
WATERJET
OMAX Corp.: MAXIEM 1530 abrasive waterjet
OMAX Corp. QR Code
Welding: American Weldquip
WELDING
American Weldquip: Smoke Extraction Torches
American Weldquip QR Code
Welding: Diamond Ground Products Inc.
WELDING
Diamond Ground Products Inc.: Tri-Mix tungsten electrodes
Diamond Ground Products Inc. QR Code
Welding: Strong Hand Tools
WELDING
Strong Hand Tools: PRO28 Welding Table
Strong Hand Tools QR Code
Welding: Strong Hand Tools
WELDING
Strong Hand Tools: Stainless Steel TIG Feeder
Strong Hand Tools QR Code
Welding: T.J. Snow Company
WELDING
T.J. Snow Company: Online resistance welding seminars
T.J. Snow Company QR Code
Workcell: Trumpf Inc.
WORKCELL
Trumpf Inc.: Trumpf Workcell/ TruBend Cell 7000/ TruMatic 1000 fiber
Trumpf Inc. QR Code
2020 FFJournal Virtual Tradeshow Title
Tradeshow globe Illustration
Bending/Folding
By Gretchen Salois, senior editor
A worker is eclipsed by the sheer scale of Davi’s colossal rolling machine. Twenty-four trucks were needed to transport all the components.
Perfect Balance
A rolling machine manufacturer pushes the envelope by building a machine capable of bending 7,300 tons

N

uclear power remains an alternative to fossil fuels, and while the global economy adjusts to fallout from COVID-19, several countries are looking for ways to boost a faltering economy. Davi recently engineered and installed its largest rolling machine for a customer making nuclear reactor components. It had to navigate supply chain challenges as well as logistics to build a machine capable of bending 7,300 tons.

Few forges in the world are able to handle a roller with a top roll measuring 20 ft. long, with an 80-in. diameter, and weighing 140 tons. Finding forge shops capable of handling the massive size—while adhering to quality and production requirements—proved challenging, says Dario Mulazzani, project manager.

Press Brake/Tooling
By Lynn Stanley, Senior Editor
Automec’s CoastOne C-Series press brake equipped with Wilson Express punch clamps and tooling.
Modify It
Retrofit solutions help fabricators bring new life to legacy press brakes and keep production humming
F

or most people, “throwing in the towel” means to quit. The idiom derives from the boxing ring of the 1900s when a trainer threw a towel into the ring to signal early defeat. Today, the ritual is still used in professional boxing but the referee has the option to throw the towel back to the trainer if he thinks the decision to quit is premature.

When it comes to determining whether a legacy press brake can go another few rounds, Bill Helinski, president of Automec Inc., says, “You don’t have to throw in the towel on your existing press brake. If a machine meets required tolerances and accuracy, a retrofit project can give you virtually everything you would get on a new press brake at a significantly lower cost.”

Image of Trend Publishing
Sawing/Cutting
By allie klipp, behringer saws inc.
Fine-tuning production
Every Kyser capo starts as two cross-sectional aluminum extrusions.
A new high-speed saw helps a guitar accessories manufacturer cut through a production backlog
A

capotasto, better known as a capo, is a small device designed to quickly change the pitch of a stringed instrument. Used by virtually every musician, from famous touring professionals to campfire players, a capo is an essential tool for every kit.

Kyser Musical Products, founded in 1980 by Milton Kyser, has made a name for itself as the worldwide leader in capo manufacturing. Kyser has distributed its product throughout the world of music and into the hands of many well-known musicians. From George Strait and Katy Perry to John Mayer and Bon Jovi, Kyser capos are a staple for guitarists, bassists, banjoists and other musicians.

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Shop Software
BY GRETCHEN SALOIS, SENIOR EDITOR
Crafts Technology workers use ECI’s software to keep current on each step of a part’s process.
Fast adaptation
COVID-19 compelled one shop to streamline software sooner than planned
A

complete software suite overhaul can seem daunt-ing and risky during normal circumstances. When the COVID-19 pandemic tied up the econ-omy, Crafts Technology in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, chose to add two soft-ware modules to its existing ERP system to streamline operations and communi-cation between remote and on-premise departments.

“We needed to take incremental steps in order to adjust to an unprecedented work-from-home situation,” says Joe Ab-bate, technical sales manager. “We had to consider that a lot of our workers have gone into work for 40 years and working from home seemed awkward. It wasn’t an easy change for them to make.”

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Custom Fabricator
Know a great CUSTOM FABRICATOR? Tell us. Email Mark Koenig at mkoenig@ffjournal.net.
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Image of Sarah Stork
Sarah Stork
Sarah Stork is an award-winning welder and metal artist in Georgetown, Texas. Performing maintenance work on her family farm sparked Stork’s interest in welding. After discovering her potential, Stork went back to school in 2013 to obtain certification. After only three semesters in structural code welding, Stork was asked to make a welded metal sculpture for 2015 SkillsUSA state competition; she won first prize at the state level and second in the nationals. In 2016 she earned a gold medal at nationals. Stork built a welding studio in her farm’s tractor storage building and began accepting commissions. Larry Jeffus asked Stork to contribute to the 9th edition of his “Welding Principles and Applications” college textbook, published this year. Stork says she loves to break boundaries and conventions when making metal art and considers her butterfly lady “Angela” a watershed moment in her career.
Learn more about this and other Custom Fabricators at www.ffjournal.net/customfabricator
Photos: Sarah Stork
Stingray on Beach
Sculpture of a Frog on Floor
Sculpture of a Sea Turtle Outside
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President/Publisher
Editor-in-Chief
Michael D’Alexander
Editorial
Senior Editor
Lynn Stanley
Senior Editor
Gretchen Salois
Senior Contributing Editor
J. Neiland Pennington
Contributing Editor
Lauren Duensing
EDITORIAL OFFICES
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FFJournal® (ISSN 1551-1006) September 2020 (Vol. 17, No. 8) is a registered trademark of Trend Publishing Inc. FFJournal® is published 11 times by Trend Publishing Inc., with its publishing office located at 123 W. Madison St., Suite 950, Chicago, Illinois 60602, 312/654-2300; fax 312/654-2323. Michael D’Alexander, President, Trend Publishing Inc. Copyright 2020 Trend Publishing Inc. All rights reserved under the United States, International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—mechanical, photocopying, electronic recording or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Trend Publishing Inc. Opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Trend Publishing Inc. Published free of charge for those who qualify. It is mailed at no cost to these qualified readers in the U.S., Canada and U.S. possessions. Single copies $14. Paid subscriptions in the U.S., $120/year. Canada, $140/year. Foreign subscriptions, $175/year surface mail and $255/year air mail. For subscription information, go to www.ffjournal.net or call 312-654-2300. Periodicals postage paid at Chicago and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to FFJournal® c/o Creative Data Services, Inc., 440 Quadrangle Drive Suite E, Bolingbrook, IL 60440. Printed in the USA.
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